I. Introduction The Future of Progress Helena Norberg-Hodge and Peter Goering II. Environment and Development Development, Trade and the Environment: A Third World Perspective Martin Khor Globalism, Biodiversity and the Third World Vandana Shiva Development Fallacies Edward Goldsmith The Philippine Environmental Crisis Filipina del Rosario-Santos III. Modernisation and Culture The Pressure to Modernise 91 Helena Norberg-Hodge The Third World: A Crisis of Development 109 S.M. Mohamed Idris The Myth of the Modern 121 Dr. Nsekuye Bizimana The Impact of Modernisation on Indigenous People: The Case of Sarawak 129 Evelyne Hong Iv. Society and Ecology Inside Nature 143 Sigmund Kvaloy Liberation Ecology 154 Nicholas Hildyard